Speaker
Description
The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has been in operation since 2001, contributing significantly to the study of strong interactions described with QCD, and nuclear matter under extreme conditions. The PHENIX experiment, operated from 2001 to 2016, has collected a comprehensive dataset and continues to publish scientific papers to yield impactful results from initial to final stages of nucleus collisions.
These measurements have provided critical insights into the properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), cold nuclear matter (CNM) effects also in small collision systems, and the structure and dynamics of quarks and gluons within polarized protons. And there have been systematic measurements of the EM probes (direct photons), Jets (or high pT hadrons), and heavy flavor probes. The direct photon yields showed interesting dN/dy dependence from the small systems to the large systems. The identified particle productions would shed light on particle production in both soft and hard sectors, which would cross-check and understand results primarily coming from hard and EM processes.
In this presentation, identified charged-hadron invariant pT and mT spectra, nuclear-modification factors and particle ratios, in p + Al, 3He +Au, and Cu + Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV and in U+U collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 193 GeV measured by PHENIX are shown. And the physics interpretations including collective flow aspects for those measurement are presented. The values of freeze-out temperatures and average collective velocities have been obtained. It should also be noted that v2 flow values and pi0 productions in those various collision systems, have been measured by the PHENIX. The direct photon enhancement in various collision systems are also discussed. These findings highlight the ongoing contributions of PHENIX experiment at RHIC to advancing our understanding of strong interactions described with QCD and the nuclear matter.